Marinetti Filippo Tommaso (1876-1944), Italian writer. Founder and theorist of futurism in European literature and art. He began as a poet of free verse; poem "Conquest of the Stars" (1902). In 1909 he published the first "Futurism Manifesto," proclaiming an avant-garde aesthetic program with a number of reactionary ideological moments: liberation from the "dead culture" of the past, from humanistic ideals, the creation of "dynamic literature of the future" - "futuro" (hence "futurism"), praising machine technology, war as "the only hygiene of the world." Since 1919 Marinetti is a like-minded Mussolini, proclaiming the kinship of Italian futurism and fascism.