The monograph attempts to find a scientific answer to the question that there is reality from a philosophical and psychological point of view, as well as to create a new psychological science "Non-classical psychology," capable of a holistic study of the most complex system "Universe-Man." It is shown that within the framework of the existing (materialistic) paradigm and the methodology built on its basis, it is impossible to explain and define such concepts that are essential for psychology (and philosophy) as "consciousness," "unconscious," "mental" and others. A methodology fundamentally different from that on which classical psychological science is based is revealed and substantiated.