This volume the second of two in the series Creating the 21st Century Academic Library that deals with the topic of open access in academic libraries focuses on the implementation of open access in academic libraries Chapters on the legalities and practicalities of open access in academic libraries address the issues associated with copyright licensing and intellectual property and include support for courses that require open access distribution of student work The topic of library services in support of open access is explored including the library s role in providing open educational resources and as an ally and driver of their adoption for example by helping defray author fees that are required for open access articles A detailed look at open access in the context of undergraduate research is provided and considers how librarians can engage undergraduates in conversations about open access Chapters consider ways to engage undergraduate students in the use understanding evaluation and creation of open access resources Issues that are of concern to graduate students are also given some attention and central to these are the development of Electronic Thesis and Dissertation ETD programs A chapter examines the library s role in balancing greater access to graduate student work with the consequences of openness such as concerns about book contracts and sales plagiarism and changes in scholarly research and production The book concludes with issues surrounding open data and library services in critical data librarianship including advocacy preservation and instruction It is hoped that this volume and the series in general will be a valuable and exciting addition to the discussions and planning surrounding the future directions services and careers in the 21st century academic library