The publication is devoted to the history of Polish prisoners of war in Bolshevik captivity and the Bolsheviks in Polish prisoner of war camps. The question of Bolshevik prisoners of war in Polish camps was to become, according to the assumptions of the administration of Mikhail Gorbachev, "anti-Katynsky." In addition to the historical description, the pamphlet explains why the case of prisoners of war had such significance in Russian historical propaganda.