The monograph examines how the traditional daily life of the peasant community has changed over the 18 years of the existence of arable soldiers in the Olonets district. Particular attention is paid to the analysis of the relationship of arable soldiers and other peasants with foreign and Russian officers who arrived in the county to train local residents in the military system. The procedure for organizing the sending of arable soldiers "to long-range services" was considered. The flight from service during the Russian-Polish and Russian-Swedish wars and the measures taken by the government and the Olonets governors to prevent escapes have been studied. A new social phenomenon was investigated - the hiring of other people by soldiers in their place for a certain fee, the number of hires was established, the conditions of employment were analyzed, the social and material status of hires and their employers was revealed. It is shown what conflicts and property disputes led to a long, sometimes long-term, absence of soldiers at home. The monograph will be useful to specialists in the history of the 17th century, as well as local historians and a wide range of people who want to get a more complete picture of the daily life of the peasants of the Olonets district during the years of military service.