The monograph is devoted to the cultural transformation of the twentieth century and their consequences in human life and society. The problems of the cultural crisis occupy a significant place in the philosophy and social thought of the twentieth century. The book examines the origins and features of the sociocultural crisis of the turn of the 19th-20th centuries, approaches to assessing the causes and nature of this significant sociocultural phenomenon. The author made an attempt to present the crisis of culture in all aspects of its manifestation, the completeness of its socio-cultural significance. Western and domestic traditions in the study and assessment of cultural transformations are highlighted and analyzed, programs for overcoming the socio-cultural crisis, which have been proposed by Western and Russian thinkers in different years, are considered.