The monograph is based on significant documentary material, which for the most part is first introduced into scientific circulation. The work analyzes the versatile activities of the NKVD bodies of the Southern Urals during the Great Patriotic War. The focus is on the struggle of the NKVD bodies against military crimes, banditry, anti-Soviet rumors, acts of sabotage, economic crime, child homelessness, neglect and juvenile delinquency.