The book tells about the phenomenon of ancient Musei - the sanctuary of the Muses. The author gives a comparative analysis of all those known for archaeological research and monuments of writing Museev of the ancient world. Musei in ancient Greece was never just a repository. Antique musei is a sanctuary, a temple of Muz, a place of creative competitions, preservation of historical memory, transfer of experience through training. Arising in early antiquity, Musey received a new life in the Renaissance, and in modern times gave rise to such phenomena as a museum, library, university, music competition.