No clinical opinion is more problematic, of greater consequence, or more pressing for a solution in military psychiatric medicine than differentiating malingering from posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). During military conflicts, U.S. Armed Forces personnel endure daily hardships and life-threatening situations. For service men and women, the nature of war can produce the stress-related psychiatric condition of PTSD or the conscious simulation of symptoms of PTSD for secondary gain. Since malingering has a significant impact on the military and its mission, the importance of differentiating malingering from genuine PTSD makes it relevant that the present state of the art and science of this process be presented in this book.To address this need, this book provides a broad view of the literature to recommend effective methodological techniques in detecting simulated PTSD. First, the definition, historical framework, incidence, and impact of malingering are discussed. Next, multiple factors that may influence military psychiatrists' expertise and attitude toward diagnosing malingering are described. Finally, this book explores the theoretical and practical application of statistical methods and psychometric tests to provide empirically grounded probabilistic evidence to support a clinical opinion of malingering.