The brochure examines the physical model of the formation of the ocean lithosphere and underwater and surface volcanoes. Based on the joint analysis of theoretical models and experimental geophysical data, the first map of the thickness of the ocean lithosphere was built. The regularity of the relationship between the formation and subsequent evolution of ocean volcanoes with the thickness and movement of lithospheric plates is shown. The brochure is designed for readers interested in the achievements of modern physics, lecturers and propagandists, students and teachers of folk universities.