Now in its Fifth Edition, this text conveys the importance of diverse cultural knowledge for evaluation of patient outcomes, understanding persons in clinical settings, and appropriate responses during the nurse client interaction. This edition features a new chapter on international nursing by Dr. Paula Herberg, who has worked extensively with Islamic populations. The text addresses the new transcultural nursing challenges brought about by immigration, refugee programs, illegal migration, and the changing healthcare delivery system. New case studies and critical thinking exercises focus on cultural responses to bioterrorism, border health issues, and concerns related to health disparities.