Sir Halford John Mackinder - English geographer, lecturer at Oxford University, Member of the House of Commons of the British Parliament, one of the founders of geopolitics as a science. In his main work, "The Geographical Axis of History," Mackinder introduced the concept of Heartland, designating the central part of Eurasia around which the inner arc (Europe - Arabia - Indochina) and the peripheral arc (America - Africa - Oceania) are located modifying some of the previous provisions in it. In 1943, Mackinder's last, third work, The Globe and the Achievement of Peace, was published, where the future world order after the end of World War II was radically revised. In his work, Mackinder introduces a new geopolitical axis - the United States, substantiates the idea of ​ ​ geopolitical blocs and predicts the formation of a bipolar world revolving around two opposing axes: the United States and the Soviet Union (Heartland).