Economist, son of a teacher. Genus. in 1864. In 1891 he passed the exam for a master's degree in financial law. In 1889 he entered the service of the Ministry of Finance, where, for 10 years of management, Mr. S. Yu. Witte, was one of his closest employees, holding the position of first a scientific secretary, and then a member of the scientific committee. Upon retirement (1903) he was completely engaged in journal activities.