The monograph explores the process of reception and transformation of Kant criticism in Russia at the end of the 19th - first half of the 20th centuries, reconstructs the phenomenon of Russian neo-Kantianism, studies the influence of Marburg neo-Kantianism on Russian culture and the contribution of Russian neo-Kantianism to the universe of critical philosophy. The study is based on an analysis of documentary materials found in archives and libraries in Russia and Europe, as well as in a number of personal archives. The book is of interest to historians of philosophical thought, philosophers and readers interested in the history of Russian and European culture.