This study, undertaken in the wake of the Persian Gulf War, looks at a representative group of Japanese New Religions and explores their concepts and practices of peace. The author cites evidence pointing to the prevalence of a mistaken notion of the implications of the pacifist position, a situation that both reflects and contributes to the confusion surrounding popular debates on pacifism in Japan. This book is an attempt to correct that misperception by providing a critical study of the social ethic of the Japanese New Religions - a topic that has been largely ignored in research on new religious movements worldwide. Focusing on six groups, Professor Kisala draws on the literature that presents their doctrine and surveys their believers to describe their approach to the question of peace. The results of this fieldwork are placed within the dual framework of Western peace studies and the modern Japanese intellectual tradition, highlighting the issues of pacifism and the cultural approach to peace in Japan. In his analysis of these results, he offers some observations on the role of religion in contemporary Japanese society and advocates a more positive engagement in the debate on Japan's role in international security arrangements.