The book reveals a set of the most important methodological, practical and applied problems of the modern view of the place and role of national wealth in the reproductive process of Russia and the world. Conventionally, the collective monograph can be divided into three parts. The first of them outlines general theoretical approaches to understanding national wealth. The second part introduces the reader to the most important principles of statistical measurement of both individual elements and the totality of national wealth within the framework of the UN recommendations. The final part presents the results of statistical assessments of the elements of the structure of national wealth in the world at the beginning of the XXI century. for the most important groups of countries.