The monograph explores the main directions of development of economic and philosophical thought of the modern world. Strategies of economic and philosophical thinking in methodological, theoretical and cognitive contexts are considered. The analysis of the manifestations of modern economic and philosophical knowledge in relation to the main challenges of the global world, the system of values, politics, trends in the innovative development process, the information economy, economic space and time was carried out. The monograph is designed for economists, philosophers, political scientists, everyone who is interested in the prospects for the development of economic thought and the economy of the modern world.