The monograph is the result of a comparative analysis of the policies of the Soviet Union and the United States in Bulgaria, Yugoslavia, Greece, Turkey, Iran and the countries of the Arab East during the Second World War and the post-war settlement. The study presents the regional features of the transformation of Soviet and American politics in 1939-147, revealed factors that influenced the adoption and implementation of decisions by Moscow and Washington on the problems of the Balkans, the Near and Middle East; individual assessments of the foreign policy activity of Moscow and Washington in the Balkan, near and Middle Eastern directions, which have developed in domestic and English-language historiography, have been clarified.