The monograph is devoted to the study of the monuments of pit culture of the Volga-Ural interfluve. A classification of the funeral rite is proposed, its characteristic features are distinguished. An integrated approach using the methods of natural sciences made it possible to clarify the periodization of pit antiquities of the Volga-Ural interfluve, to identify the directions of cultural ties between the population of the region and the population of the Kama region, Ciscaucasia and the Northern Black Sea region, as well as Western Siberia.