This book is the result of a series of studies devoted to assessing the consequences of migration from the perspective of the migration-identity-(in)security causality, with a specific focus on the Roma issue in France. It demonstrates that, in the context of the new European agenda on security, following the events of 9 11, immigrants, in general and the Roma, in particular, have found themselves trapped in a spiral of insecurity through which migration has been raised to the level of meta-problem and they have become scapegoats. The book argues that these issues reflect a broader political discussion on the EUs identity and social policy. It shows that the socio-economic and security dimension of the Roma dossier is a case that may require policymakers in Brussels to rethink the EUs social responsibilities towards its citizens, thus giving up their ambiguous attitude regarding migration.