Theoretical foundations and an overview of the principles of building modern navigation systems for solving a wide range of practical problems are presented. New approaches have been developed and implemented to create autonomous navigation systems designed to determine the angle of deviation of an object from a given trajectory, the angle of its rotation around the axis of movement, and the range to it. The radio frequency range of electromagnetic waves was selected and justified for the design of individual devices of the navigation system. Mathematical modeling of the interaction of the navigation system and the simplest conductive search object was performed; directional patterns of GPR transmitting antennas.