The main results of the evolution of single and binary stars of various masses from their birth to transformation into a white dwarf, neutron star and black hole are presented. The main directions of the theory of the evolution of stars are presented, promising applications of this theory to the theory of the evolution of star clusters and galaxies are noted. Particular attention is paid to comparing models with observations in the optical, infrared, X-ray and ultraviolet ranges of the spectrum of stars at various stages of evolution. The main unresolved problems are noted. For astronomers, physicists and trained readers of related specialties interested in the current state of the problem of the evolution of stars.