Diary of the Scotsman Patrick Gordon (1635-1699), who became the Russian general and mentor of Peter the Great, is a unique source on the history of Europe and Russia in the second half of the 17th century. The first part of Gordon's notes (until 1659) is devoted primarily to the events of the Northern War (1655-1660), in which Sweden and the Polish-Lithuanian state were the main opponents. Being an eyewitness and participant in hostilities on both sides, the author describes them in detail and impartially. This edition opens the first complete scientific publication of a remarkable historical monument. For historians and a wide range of readers.