As Australia became a nation in 1901, no one anticipated that 'Aboriginal affairs' would become an on-going national preoccupation. Not 'dying out' as predicted, Aboriginal numbers recovered and - along with Torres Strait Islanders - they became an articulate presence, aggrieved at colonial authority's interventions into family life and continuing dispossession. Indigenous and Other Australians since 1901 narrates their recovery - not only in numbers but in cultural confidence and critical self-awareness.