The monograph discusses the problems of the formation and development of population in Buryatia, the features of this process. Prerequisites, sources of population formation, its ethno-national and gender and age structures are revealed. The place and role of the family in population, its structure, functions and reproductive attitudes of spouses are being clarified. Fertility issues, its main trends are analyzed, the reasons for the fall in the birth rate are explained, the factors of increase are considered. Much attention is paid to the problems of health status, its savings. The causes of mortality, low life expectancy are revealed. Issues of population outflow outside the republic are discussed. Understanding of the position and role of young people in modern society, its value orientations and problems of socialization are carried out. The monograph is designed for scientists, teachers, graduate students, students.