The manual is devoted to the culture of the Neolithic population of the Middle Trans-Urals (V-IV millennium BC). New archaeological research led the author to the conclusion that multicultural groups coexist in the same territory, reflecting the complexity of historical and ethnic processes in the forest zone of the Trans-Urals at the final stage of the Stone Age. Intended for students of historical faculties of universities and pedagogical institutes, as well as for archaeologists, local historians, history teachers, schoolchildren.