A heat exchanger is a device built for efficient heat transfer from one medium to another. The media may be separated by a solid wall, so that they never mix, or they may be in direct contact. They are widely used in space heating, refrigeration, air conditioning, power plants, chemical plants, petrochemical plants, petroleum refineries, natural gas processing, and sewage treatment. One common example of a heat exchanger is the radiator in a car, in which the heat source, being a hot engine-cooling fluid, water, transfers heat to air flowing through the radiator. This book presents current research data in the study of heat exchangers, including lightweight compact heat exchangers with open-cell metal; the NTU-effectiveness method to design and assess heat exchangers; a mathematical model for plate heat exchangers; and advances in design optimization of shell and tube heat exchangers.