The outstanding Russian orientalist V.K. Shileiko (1891-1930) is known to Russian culture mainly as the husband of Anna Akhmatova and one of the poets of the Silver Age. Moreover, his scientific works in the field of Assyriology have never been subjected to a special analysis from the standpoint of modern science. Meanwhile, Shileiko owns a number of productive ideas in the field of chronology and the history of religion of Ancient Mesopotamia, and his publications of cuneiform texts stored in Russian collections have been used by scientists from all over the world for more than a century.