Geophysical Data Analysis and Inverse Theory with MATLAB or Python, Fifth Edition , is a revised and expanded introduction to inverse theory and tomography as it is practiced by geophysicists. It demonstrates the methods needed to analyze a broad spectrum of geophysical datasets, with special attention to those methods that generate images of the earth. Data analysis can be a mathematically complex activity, but the treatment in this volume is carefully designed to emphasize those mathematical techniques that readers will find the most familiar and to systematically introduce less-familiar ones. A series of "crib sheets," offer step-by-step summaries of methods presented. Utilizing problems and case studies along with MATLAB and Python computer code and summaries of methods, the book provides professional geophysicists, students, data scientists and engineers in geophysics with the tools necessary to understand and apply mathematical techniques and inverse theory.