The textbook was written by professors and associate professors of the Department of Russian History at Moscow State Pedagogical University on the basis of the latest historical research and new sources. Unlike previous textbooks, more attention is paid to covering the history of the people, the role of prominent personalities, social life and socio-political thought. For the first time, the problems of credit development and the financial sector were considered. The materials of the authors' own research are presented in the sections on the development of the economy and social movements. The material is presented in a problem-chronological manner. Intended for students of historical faculties of humanitarian higher educational institutions