The book contains a unique overview of the history of Russian philosophical thought of the last two centuries in all the diversity of schools and scientific areas. The names of professional philosophers and religious figures, naturalists and lawyers, sociologists and psychologists, historians and economists are presented - more than 2,000 personalities in total. This publication includes more than 800 new articles, a number of which are devoted to modern domestic thinkers, because over the years new ideas have appeared that reflect the pressing problems of our time. The bibliography given in the book covers more than 25 thousand philosophical works.