The book tells about the peculiarities of Russian traditional culture from the point of view of philosophy and cultural studies in both asynchronic and diachronic aspects. Particular attention is paid to the issue of socialization of the individual in the space of folk culture: the experience of history and modernity. The problems of linguoculturology are illustrated by rich ethnographic material. The book has an electronic application: a film about folk culture in the life of Russians, recordings of folklore songs, many photographs of artifacts of folk culture. The actual material of the book was prepared on the study of the folk culture of the Kursk region, located in the south of Russia, but the universal all-Russian features of traditional culture were highlighted. The space of Russian folk culture is open for contacts with other types of ethnic cultures.