Janusz Korczak (1878-1942), writer, doctor, reformer teacher, great humanist of the past century. In our country, children read his story "King Matiush the First." Less known in Russia is his unique experience in raising orphans, pedagogical ideas set forth in the books "How to Love a Child" and "The Child's Right to Respect." A Polish Jew, Korczak became the pride and hero of two peoples, two cultures. In Warsaw occupied by the Nazis, he saved the lives of orphans at the cost of incredible efforts, and in August 1942, rejecting the offer to flee the ghetto and save his life, he remained with two hundred of his pupils and died with them in Treblinka. The book by Betty Jean Lifton, recognized as the best biography of Janusz Korczak, is being published in Russian for the first time.