In the modern era, scientific knowledge is rapidly undergoing significant changes: the role of science in public life is changing, the forms and methods through which it comprehends nature and society are changing, the relationship of science with other forms of public consciousness is changing. Rapid revolutionary shifts in social life posed a number of new problems for public consciousness or demanded a rethinking of traditional problems: about the meaning of human life, about the connection of individual human fate with social history, about the role and place of man in the universe, and finally, about the very possibility, boundaries and criteria for knowing natural and social reality.