The book of leading foreign scientists from several countries discusses the problems of high-speed computing in terms of architecture, performance, applied algorithms and supercomputer programs. Much attention is paid to increasing the real performance of such computers. The most important architectures and structures of modern operating and promising designed supercomputers are described. The main indicators characterizing the performance of supercomputers and their dependence on the parameters of the computers themselves and the tasks to be solved are considered. Numerous results of performance measurements of a number of high-performance supercomputers have been analyzed. Practical experience in solving various types of problems on vector-parallel, vector-conveyor, multiprocessor and some other computers has been published. Methods of building algorithms and programs are proposed and appropriate practical recommendations are given to ensure increased performance of supercomputers and efficiency of their use in general. For scientists, engineers, senior students and graduate students specializing in computer science and computer science.