According to the author, ethics is neither history, nor sociology, nor political economy, nor jurisprudence, but precisely ethics. And the whole content of ethics boils down to very simple provisions, namely, to the recognition of moral freedom, to the fact that in the effort we own an excellent means of moral freedom, and to what Spinoza expressed so well: Beatitudo non est praemium virtutis, sed ipsa virtus, i.e. bliss is not a reward, for virtue, but virtue itself. Finally, the author is sure that moral principles are as unchanged as the laws of thinking.