The monograph "Vitamin D - paradigm shift" presents to the reader the results of research supported by a number of RFBR projects, in which new metric and combinatorial approaches to data mining (IAD) and machine learning are being developed. Obtaining adequate and substantiated conclusions in modern biomedical research is almost unthinkable without the use of at least three information technologies: (1) specialized IAD methods for biomedical research data (including thousands of heterogeneous feature descriptions for tens of thousands of patients); (2) methods of searching for relevant scientific publications among tens of millions of documents (articles in refereed journals); (3) methods for constructing correct recognition algorithms in bioinformatics problems.