The task of the textbook is to acquaint students, graduate students, teachers of sociology, ethnosociology, psychology, political science with those knowledge that will give a holistic and deep understanding of nations, nationalism, national culture, national identity, etc. Students and representatives of a wide range of intelligentsia, politicians and all those who are interested in this issue will find here a lot of interesting and useful things, both for professional and social activities, and for the "soul."