This book is the first scientific publication in Russia covering one of the most significant literary and artistic movements of the 20th century in Europe (including Russia), America, and Africa. Dictionary articles give a systematic overview of the evolution of surrealism from the moment of origin to the chronological frontiers of the second half of the 20th century, when the generalizing conclusions of the largest masters of culture of the century were heard, which determined the significant role of surrealist poetics in the formation of the artistic language of our time.