The monograph explores the complex and multifaceted process of eliminating unemployment in the USSR. Based on the large factual material revealed in the central and local archives, which was largely introduced into scientific circulation for the first time, the work gives a general description of the state of unemployment by 1917, finds out the reasons for its existence in the USSR during a certain stage of the transition period from capitalism to socialism, reveals its characteristic features and specific features, analyzes the main stages of the fight against unemployment.