Developed a paleoecological-economic approach to the study of the society of early nomads. Natural (agricultural, water, forest, mineral) and labor resources of Scythia are considered. Data on Scythian steppe settlement are presented and summarized. The main sectors of the economy of Steppe Scythia were reconstructed - cattle breeding, agriculture, as well as crafts, crafts, and home occupations of its population. A new concept of the Kamensky settlement has been developed. The interaction of Scythian and ancient cultures, the emergence of commodity-monetary relations in the Lower Dnieper region as a contact zone between the Scythian and ancient worlds with a predominantly Olbian orientation is investigated. A hypothesis of the complex nature of the causes of the decline of Steppe Scythia has been developed. According to the same scheme as the sedentary monuments of the Scythian steppe culture, a system of hillforts on the Lower Dnieper of the 2nd century is considered. BC - II century AD For archaeologists, historians, anthropologists.