The second edition of the first volume of fundamental work on the history of the Republic of Tuva (Tuva) covers a huge chronological period - from the Stone Age to the October Revolution of 1917. Based on new data from archaeological, ethnographic, written and other sources, all aspects of the Muscovite history of the Tuvan people, its economic and cultural ties are considered. From a modern perspective, the declaration by tsarist Russia of a protectorate over Tuva in 1914 and its historical significance for the further fate of the Tuvan people are assessed. For the widest circle of readers interested in the history of the region.