Monograph of Candidate of Historical Sciences I.B. Babulin is devoted to the study of the military campaign waged by the Russian army and the Ukrainian Cossacks who remained faithful to the oath against Vygovsky's troops, as well as the Poles and Crimean Tatars supporting him in 1658-1659. In the work, a whole array of unpublished archival materials of the Discharge Order related to hostilities in Ukraine was first introduced into scientific circulation. Based on a large number of sources, the author reconstructs the course of the famous Battle of Konotop, refuting the main historiographic myths created by chroniclers and historians.