The book contains a detailed description of the remarkable monuments of ancient art on the shores of Lake Baikal. It gives a broad historical interpretation of the Baikal petroglyphs in connection with the history of the Siberian tribes of the Stone and Bronze Ages, reveals the worldview, mythology of the creators of the Baikal petroglyphs, shows their contacts with the population of other regions of Europe and Asia. The author establishes a connection between the shamanic folklore of the Buryats and the plots of cave paintings and explains it by the presence of a certain continuity between the ancient and modern population of the Baikal region. The book will arouse interest not only among ethnographers and archaeologists, linguists and folklorists, but also among wide circles of readers interested in the history of art and the past of the peoples of Siberia.