The book examines the issue of independence of the peoples of colonial India in 1947. This historical event, which meant the restoration of the sovereign rights of oppressed peoples to self-determination and independent choice of internal and foreign policy development, in the specific conditions of 65 years ago was accompanied by the division of a previously single state on a religious basis into two states - India and Pakistan. But based on the study of numerous sources, including archival materials, memoirs, literature, the author comes to the conclusion that the section was the only possible solution at that time. At the same time, he became a tragedy for a whole generation of Indians, claimed many lives.