On the basis of extensive archival material, in a significant part of the first introduced into scientific circulation, covers the history of trade and economic relations between Iran and Russia from the beginning of their formation at the state level until the beginning of the 20th century. - from the beginning of the XVIII century. until the 70s of the XIX century., when Russian trade with Iran developed even in parallel with the transit of European goods through Russia to Iran, and at a time when imperialism had developed as a world system of financial enslavement and colonial oppression and Iran's basic life resources were in the hands of imperialist powers. Particular attention in the work is paid to the role in the Russian-Iranian trade of Central Asia and partially Transcaucasia.