The monograph of well-known experts in the field of the history of the North Caucasus of the Soviet period analyzes the most acute problems of the participation of mountain peoples in the events of the Great Patriotic War of 1941-1945: features of organizational and mobilization work in the national regions of the North Caucasus and the passage of military service by the highlanders, the history of national units, the occupation regime, the reasons and scale of the phenomena of collaboration and anti-Soviet insurgency, the deportation of a number of peoples from their historical homeland.