This paper examines the nature of signs and symbols. The historical aspect of the development of civilization, which formed the sign-symbolic system, is deeply revealed. The connection of letters and numbers with ciphers of fairy, mythological and religious systems is shown. The astronomical and calendar basis of sign-symbolic systems has been revealed. The monograph will be of interest to a wide range of philosophers, linguists, cultural scientists and religious scholars engaged in research on both general and private issues of being, the development of the Universe, the surrounding space.