The collection contains original articles by leading experts in mycology and phytopathology of a number of scientific centers in Russia and Belarus. Achievements, prospects and directions of research of xylotrophic basidiomycetes, structure of forest biogeocenosis, scales of decomposition of large wood residues are considered. Information is given about rotten diseases of tree species and shrubs, about mycobiota and lichenobiota in protected areas in forest phytocenoses at different stages of anthropogenic succession in Karelia, Voronezh, Murmansk region, Western Siberia.