The monograph is devoted to the study of the current modern scientific problem of the interaction of philosophy and fiction. For the first time, the essence and role of the landmark work of the twentieth century - "The Decline of Europe" by Oswald Spengler in the formation and development of the literary process of the 1920-1930s is considered. The author analyzes the forms and methods of artistic and aesthetic refraction of the concepts of Faustian culture (sunset, Faustian personality type, city, idea of ​ ​ eternal knowledge and transformation of the world) in the poetology of works of Western European, American, Russian and Ukrainian literature. The monograph recreated the image of Faustian culture and the originality of its existence in the cultural and artistic consciousness of different eras - from the Renaissance to modernism. The publication is designed for philologists - scientists, literature teachers, graduate students, students, and a wide range of readers interested in the problems of literature of the twentieth century. The monograph presents quotes from original literary works in classical translations, which provides an opportunity to demonstrate the stylistic subtleties of artistic original texts and their interpretations and can be useful for students of the Romano-Germanic department and future translators.